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Ann Child Neurol > Volume 32(1); 2024 > Article |
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Hoon-Chul Kang, Joon Soo Lee, and Heung Dong Kim are an editorial board members of the journal, but they were not involved in the peer reviewer selection, evaluation, or decision process of this article. No other potential conflicts.
Author contribution
Conceptualization: HDK. Data curation: SP, HEK, CMK. Formal analysis: SP. Funding acquisition: SP. Methodology: YJH, HDK. Visualization: SP. Investigation: SP, HEK, CMK. Writing-original draft: SP. Writing-review & editing: YJH, HCK, JSL, HDK.
Values are presented as number (%).
MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; EEG, electroencephalography; GSSW, generalized slow spike-and-wave; GPFA, generalized paroxysmal fast activity; MS, multifocal spikes; Lat., lateralization, indicating >70% dominance in one hemisphere or a single focus; PET, positron emission tomography; SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography; (+), concordant; CC, corpus callosotomy; RS, resective surgery.
LGS, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; CC, corpus callosotomy; sz, seizure; SQ, social quotient; RS, resective surgery; 1FU, 1-year-follow-up (after CC); 2FU, 2-year-follow-up (after RS); T, temporal; Lt., left; At, atonic seizure; Rt., right; Fr, frontal; M, monthly; mMCD, mild malformation of cortical development; S, seizure type; PM, polymicrogyria; GTC, generalized tonic-clonic seizure; Y, yearly; TS, tonic seizure; P, parietal; O, occipital; D, daily; F, focal seizure; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia; Mc, myoclonic seizure; Sp, spasm; W, weekly.
Variable | Seizure-free group | Persistent seizure group | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 3 (37.5) | 6 (66.7) | 0.229 |
Age at LGS onset (yr) | 2.38 (1.80 to 3.68) | 3.90 (2.07 to 4.95) | 0.363 |
Age at CC (yr) | 4.41 (3.40 to 5.86) | 6.45 (4.35 to 8.15) | 0.194 |
Age at RS (yr) | 5.01 (4.04 to 7.71) | 7.12 (5.21 to 8.89) | 0.162 |
History of West syndrome | 6 (75.0) | 5 (55.6) | 0.402 |
History of KD before CC | 6 (75.0) | 8 (88.9) | 0.453 |
Abnormal MRI | 4 (23.5) | 5 (55.6) | 0.819 |
Preoperative adaptive function (SQ) | 42.3 (28.0 to 52.0) | 24.3 (19.2 to 34.8) | 0.194 |
Change in SQ | 0.0 (−2.3 to 5.7) | −5.1 (−29.9 to 7.3) | 0.059a |
LP from LGS to CC (yr) | 1.68 (0.42 to 2.10) | 2.35 (1.03 to 4.11) | 0.412 |
LP from LGS to RS (yr) | 2.24 (1.13 to 3.40) | 3.52 (1.58 to 5.73) | 0.529 |
Interval from CC to RS (yr) | 0.75 (0.5 to 2.05) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.95) | 0.849 |
No. of ASMs tried preoperatively | 4.5 (4.0 to 5.0) | 5.0 (4.0 to 5.5) | 0.529 |
Change in no. of ASMs | −2.0 (−4.0 to 0.0) | −1.0 (−3.0 to 3.0) | 0.062a |
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range). The Mann-Whitney U test was employed for median comparisons and the Fisher exact test for group comparisons of categorical variables.
LGS, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; CC, corpus callosotomy; RS, resective surgery; KD, ketogenic diet; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; SQ, social quotient; LP, latent period; ASM, anti-seizure medication.
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